A useful test: if the income is passive, why is someone paying ads to sell you the method?
Real residual cashflow is boring, contested, or already owned. Landlords still take calls. Index funds still drop. A YouTube channel still needs a next video or it dies. The phrase “passive income” survives because it is a better headline than “a job you bought.”
Pitches use the phrase to hide the work they will not do on the thumbnail: ads, refunds, recruiting, customer support, inventory cash, and the risk that a platform changes the rules.
When someone says passive, translate it to: who is still working, and who gets paid to explain it? If the explainer is the business, you are not looking at an asset. You are looking at a receipt.